A review of the main reference management softwares

The reference management software -also called citation management software, citation manager or personal bibliographic management software- are programs that allow users –researchers, scholars, authors- to save, work on and use bibliographics citations. The aim of these reference management programs is to save search results and publications with a view to using citations (references) to generate bibliographies. Indeed, publishers or journals often have different citation formats which is time-consuming  activity when writing. These citations management systems help manage bibliographic references and include cited sources easily. In addition, exporting the document to the format needed is also made easier. On top of that, we understand the importance of these software as the scientific literature keeps growing faster.

The picture from PhD Comics should convince you that writing and managing references is one big and hard task!

Why is this kind of systems growing popular and mandatory in the scientist and scholars’ lives today ? There are several reasons to this however two are really important and meet the need to :

• Benefit from effective tools in a world where publications grow rapidly. Indeed, the scientific literature is growing rapidly those last years. For instance, there are 2,000 new publications every day on average.
• Be able to handle all the data attached to a publication : Journal, authors, dates, asbtracts, tags, PMID, etc…

There are already a lot of reference management software available on the market. In fact, there are so many citation managers that one can get lost easily (a look at the comparison of reference management softwares on wikipedia will convince you). Some of them are better known and benefit from good customers’ feedback and reviews. However not all of us know them so we have established this list for you to choose. Interestingly, most of them are free and web-based. Therefore they are accessible from anywhere through private account and remain free.

We will present the main reference management softwares you should know and then show the results of the poll launched on twitter:

• CiteULike
• Connotea
• Endnote / Endnote Web
• Refworks
• Mendeley
• Zotero
• Papers
• [POLL RESULTS] What citation manager do you use?

• CiteULike


Developer: Cite U Like is a free reference management software by Oversity and sponsored by Springer.
Price: Free.
Description: CiteULike is fusion of Web-based social bookmarking services and traditional bibliographic management tools launched in 2004. It is very close to Connotea as you can tag documents too. This way users should try Connotea and CiteULike and decide by themselves. One thing we really like is the possibility to establish priorities for an article you have just bookmarked. (Top Priority ! I really want to read it ! I will read it ! I might read it ! I don’t really want to read it ! I’ve already read it !).
We like: Lately they have come up with a new function that recommends articles to the user based on his preferences and other people’s bookmarks. It’s experiencing a great acceptance among users as they explain on the CiteUlike blog
Twitter: @CiteULike

• Connotea


Developer: Connotea is the free web based service developed by Nature Publishing Group and launched in 2007.
Price: Free.
Description: Connotea works as a combination of both delicious and a reference management system. Registered users are able to tag documents in order to retrieve them later. You can read their blog to keep up to date on their actuality.
We like: Good thing is that you can look for documents tagged by other people as long as their libraries are public which allows you to broaden your searches and knowledge.
Twitter: @Connotea

• EndNote / EndNote Web


Developer: Endnote is a comercial software developed by Thomson Scientific.
Price: It costs approximately $300 for a year’s account.
Description: Endnote is the most known reference management software as it is also a pionneer in its domain since it was first released 20 years ago in 1988. This is the reference management software you would typically find in your university for instance.
We like: With the growing importance of data portability, Endnote released a Web version called Endnote Web. Endnote Web is easier to use and offers slightly less functions than Endnote. For instance you will be able to save up to 10.000 references. Another advantage is that it’s much cheaper. One of the key features of the traditional EndNotes is the possibility to change the reference format in your Word draft, to adjust it to the  journal reference format of the journal.
Twitter: @EndNoteNews

• RefWorks


Developer: Refworks is a commercial web-based service launched in 2001 by Proquest.
Price: You can try it for free for 30 days and then pay approximately $100 a year for one user (sort of expensive).
Description: It is a « an online research management, writing and collaboration tool — designed to help researchers easily gather, manage, store and share all types of information, as well as generate citations and bibliographies » This web based service allows to share references and bibliographies via Refshare (link) . It also support a lot of formats for importing and exporting.
We like: The RefWorks online store where you will find all the items to show your support.
Twitter: @Refworks

• Mendeley


Developer: Mendeley is a research management tool for desktop & web.
Price: Free.
Description: Launched in 2008 by some of the people who have participated to Skype, LastFM and Warner Music, it is told to be the «Last FM of research ». It is growing very popular and they claim to already have more than 100.000 users, as they explain on TechCrunch.
Mendeley works either from the web platform or through the software program. It is totally free and the main difference to a program like Zotero is that it extract information from PDF. The program is powerful and allows to organize documents in a smart way. You can favorite publications, create collection and share them with your community. They also have developed a plugin for word -as endnote does- to generate bibliographies in a simple way.
We like: the « explore research trends and statistics » allow you to discover and aggregate anonymous statistics and trends. Keep up to date reading their blog
Twitter: @Mendeley_com

• Zotero


Developer: Zotero is a free Open Source reference management software Add on for firefox.
Price: Free.
Description: This one differs totally from the previous citation managers (or reference managers software) as it is a plugin for Firefox that is completely free and open source. Since it is a firefox extension, what you download is in Firefox all the time. This may be a problem when you are using several computers. One great feature (maybe the greatest) is that when you are viewing an article that is available for saving, a tiny icon is shown next to the URL. Clicking on it automatically saves it with all the corresponding fields.
We like: Last but not least, Zotero allows you to save into folders, tag documents, search as you type, import endnote collections and is free. Should you need to know more, consult their blog.
Twitter: @Zotero

• Papers


Developer: Papers is a commercial reference management software (available for Iphone) developed only for Macs.
Price: You can try it for free for 30 days and then buy it for 29€. (7,99€ for the Iphone app)
Description: It was launched in 2007 by Alexander Griekspoor and Tom Groothuis while they were studying at the Netherland Cancer Institute. To make this description simple, it is like endnote but exclusively for Mac OS.
We like: On top of that, they have developed an iPhone app so you can manage your citations directly from your preferred mobile. It will cost you only 7,99€. Feel free to read their actuality.
Twitter: @Mekentosj

At this moment novoseek supports a direct export to two of the main reference platforms: CiteUlike and Connotea. You can try it by yourself from this publication on novoseek.

Last but not least, we asked people on twitter which is their favorite citation managers to use and the results are the following (thank you to the almost 100 tweeps who asnwered):

It seems that Zotero is the leader with Endnote while Mendeley is increasing strongly its market share. Other citation managers were also mentionned: BibTex, Wizfolio, Bookends, Bibdesk, Jabref, Citavi. I would be curious to hear what their developers have to say to make us feel like trying them.

This selection of reference management softwares is personal and we will be happy to consider including more of them in the future updates. Just feel free to leave a comment below.

We recommend you to read:

• Social media, web services and tips for health in MedLib’s Round 1.9
• Your handy my novoseek guide v1.0
• Interview with Christian Blaschke, scientific director of novoseek
• Tip #3 to improve searches in novoseek – use labels to organize your readings
• Data organization and interaction